I. Isishwankathelo
Njengobuchule bokwakha bekhonkrithi obusebenzayo, itekhnoloji yokuxuba i-shotcrete eyomileyo ibambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwibala lolwakhiwo lobunjineli, kunye nomatshini wokutshiza owomileyo osebenza njengesixhobo esingundoqo sokuphumeza obu buchwepheshe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eqhutywa kukuqhubela phambili kokuqhubela phambili kweeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana nokutsalwa kwezimbiwa, ukuthuthwa kwetonela, kunye nokhuseleko lwethambeka, imfuno yokuthengisa koomatshini bokuxutywa kwe-shotcrete iye ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngomgaqo wayo okhethekileyo wokusebenza kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, esi sixhobo siphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kolwakhiwo, siqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi, kwaye sibonelela ngenkxaso ethembekileyo kwimisebenzi yokutshiza ngekhonkrithi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezinzima.
II. Yintoni inkqubo eyomileyo ye-shotcrete?
Inkqubo yekhonkrithi eyomileyo, efinyeziweyo njengenkqubo yokutshiza eyomileyo, ibandakanya ukuxuba ngokulinganayo izinto ezomileyo-ezifana ne-samente kunye ne-aggregates-ngokwemilinganiselo echazwe kwangaphambili. Ezi zixhobo zihanjiswa ngenkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwi-nozzle yesitshizi, apho zixutywe ngokukhawuleza kunye namanzi aphakamileyo oxinzelelo ukuze zenze udaka lwekhonkrithi. Ekugqibeleni, umoya ocinezelweyo uqhubela uludaka ngesantya esiphezulu ukuya kumphezulu womsebenzi, apho luseta luqine.
Inkqubo yokutshiza eyomileyo ibonisa iimpawu ezimbini eziphambili: Okokuqala, ibonisa umlinganiselo ophantsi wesamente yamanzi. Ekubeni amanzi kunye nezinto ezomileyo zixutywe kuphela kwi-nozzle, ukongezwa kwamanzi kunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo, okubangelwa amandla aphezulu, i-concrete edibeneyo emva kokumiswa. Okwesibini, inika isantya sokumisa ngokukhawuleza. Xa kudityaniswa ne-accelerators, ikhonkrithi ifezekisa amandla okuqala ngexesha elifutshane, ivumela ukusebenza kwenkxaso ekhawulezayo-eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukuqiniswa ngokukhawuleza. Xa kuthelekiswa nokutshiza okumanzi, ukutshiza okomileyo kuphelisa imfuno ye-slurry exutywe ngaphambili. Umatshini wayo wokutshiza owomileyo we-shotcrete uhambelana ngakumbi kwaye uhamba, kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi zokufuma kwizinto eziluhlaza. Oku kuyenza ilungele ukunqongophala kwamanzi, iindawo ezikude, okanye ezivalelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ivelisa ukukhutshwa kothuli oluphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokusebenza, kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okukhusela kuzo zombini indawo yokusebenza kunye nabaqhubi.
III. Yintoni umatshini wokutshiza owomileyo?
Umatshini wokutshiza we-shotcrete owomileyo sisixhobo sokwakha esingundoqo esinikezelwe ekuphumezeni inkqubo yekonkrithi eyomileyo. Ihambisa ngomatshini okanye ipneumatically udaka oluxubeneyo elomileyo kumbhobho, ludibanisa namanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomoya ocinezelweyo ukugqiba imisebenzi yokutshiza ngekhonkrithi. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkxaso, ulwakhiwo, kunye nolwakhiwo lokomeleza kuzo zonke iiprojekthi zobunjineli ezahlukeneyo.
IV. Yintoni ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokudubula?
Ngokusebenza kwabo okuguquguqukayo kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo,
oomatshini bokutshiza i-shotcrete eyomileyozisetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwetonela, ubunjineli boluntu, iiprojekthi zogcino lwamanzi, kunye nolungiso olungxamisekileyo. Usetyenziso oluthile lubandakanya:
1. Ulwakhiwo lwetonela: Izixhobo ezingundoqo zenkxaso yokuqala kunye nolayini wesibini kuhola wendlela, umzila kaloliwe, kunye neeprojekthi zetonela yohambo lukaloliwe ezidolophini. Emva kokugrunjwa kwetonela, umatshini utshiza ikhonkrithi kwindawo engqonge ilitye ukuze wenze umaleko wenkxaso wokuqala, ngokufanelekileyo unyanzelela ukuguquka kwamatye. Ukulandela ukugqityezelwa kwenkxaso yokuqala, inokwenza kwakhona ukutshiza komgca wesibini ukomeleza ngakumbi uzinzo kunye nokuqina kwetonela. Ngokukodwa ifanele izithuba ezivaliweyo njengeetonela, ibonelela ngokulawuleka okuphezulu kwaye iqhelanise netonela yemilinganiselo eyahluka-hlukeneyo yamacandelo.
2. Ubunjineli boLuntu: Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuzinzisweni kwethambeka, ukugrumba imigodi, kunye nokuqiniswa kwesakhiwo. Kwimimandla ethanda ukudilika njengethambeka leentaba kunye neendlela, ikhonkrithi etshiziweyo yenza umaleko wokuqinisa ukomeleza uzinzo lwethambeka. Ngexesha lokwembiwa kwesiseko, oomatshini be-shotcrete abaxubene owomileyo baxhasa iindonga zemingxuma ukunqanda ukuwa. Ukwaqinisa izakhiwo ezigugayo ngokutshiza ikhonkrithi kumalungu ukunyusa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuqina.
3. Ubunjineli beHydraulic: Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukulungisa amadama, ukuqiniswa kweekholvethi, kunye nokufakwa kwemijelo. Ngamadama aneentanda okanye ukuvuza, ukulungiswa kwe-shotcrete kunye nokuqinisa ukuphucula ukunganyanzeki kunye nokumelana nokukhukuliseka. Ekulungiseni ii-culverts, i-aqueducts, kunye nezinye izakhiwo ze-hydraulic, oomatshini be-shotcrete eyomileyo bagqiba ngokukhawuleza imisebenzi yokutshiza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwendawo. Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa ulwakhiwo lwelayini yomjelo ukunciphisa ilahleko yamanzi ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwamanzi.
4. Izicelo zoLungiso oluNgxamisekileyo: Aba matshini bokutshiza nge-dry shotcrete badlala indima ebalulekileyo kulungiso olungxamisekileyo kwiindawo zentlekele ezifana neenyikima, ukudilika komhlaba, kunye neziganeko zokuwa. Kwizakhiwo ezidilikileyo, iindlela, iibhulorho, kunye nezinye izakhiwo, izitshizi zekhonkrithi ezixubeneyo ezomileyo zenza ukuba isicelo sekhonkrithi esikhawulezayo siqiniswe okwexeshana, sithintele ukwanda kwentlekele. Ukulandela iintlekele zezandyondyo, yenza ukuba kutshizwe ngekhonkrithi ngokukhawuleza kuthambeka kunye nokulungiswa kwendlela, kukhawuleziswe ukubuyiselwa kokusebenza kweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokufikeleleka.
V. Izibonelelo eziphambili kunye neenzuzo koomatshini bokutshiza beshotcrete eyomileyo
Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezitshizi zekhonkrithi ezixubeneyo ezomileyo kuwo onke amasimi obunjineli amaninzi zivela kwiingenelo zazo ezingundoqo, ngokukodwa:
1. Ubuchule boKwakha obuPhezulu:
Izitshizi zekhonkrithi zixube ezomileyoukufikelela kwimilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo ukufikelela kwi-5-20 cubic metres ngeyure, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeeprojekthi ezinkulu, ezithatha ixesha. Ukongeza, izixhobo zisusa imfuno yodaka lwekhonkrithi exutywe kwangaphambili, ukudlula ukuxubana kwekhonkrithi kunye namanyathelo othutho ukuze ucuthe ngakumbi imijikelo yokwakha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Umzekelo, kulwakhiwo lwenkxaso yetonela yokuqala, izitshizi zekhonkrithi ezixubeneyo ezomileyo zivumela ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, ukunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokufakwa kwenkxaso.
2. Ukulungelelaniswa kweMpatho egqwesileyo: Esi sixhobo sihambelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomxube owomileyo kwaye zineemfuno eziguquguqukayo zobungakanani be-particle aggregate kunye nokuhlelwa. Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla e-samente kunye neentlobo ezidibeneyo (umzekelo, isanti yomlambo, ilitye elityumkileyo, isanti eyenziweyo) inokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zeprojekthi. Ukongeza, imixube efana ne-accelerator kunye nezinciphisi zamanzi zinokongezwa njengoko kufuneka ukuqhubela phambili nokwandisa ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi, kuyenza ifanelekele iimeko ezahlukeneyo zeeprojekthi.
3. Ukulungelelanisa okusingqongileyo okunamandla: Imishini yokutshiza i-shotcrete eyomileyo ibonisa ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kwiindawo ezinzima, ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezifana nokuphakama okuphezulu, ukushisa okuphantsi, iimeko ezinomileyo, kunye nothuli oluphezulu. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwetonela yohola wendlela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, izixhobo zinokuqala kwaye zisebenze ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuchatshazelwa luxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-atmospheric okanye i-oxygen ephantsi. Kwiimeko eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, xa isetyenziswe kunye ne-anti-freeze agents, isaqinisekisa umgangatho wokutshiza ngekhonkrithi kunye nokubeka amandla, okwenza kube lula kwiiprojekthi zokwakha kwiindawo ezikude kunye neendawo ezinzima.
4. I-Comact Structure kunye nokuhamba okugqwesileyo: Imishini yokutshiza i-shotcrete eyomileyo ibonisa idizayini edibeneyo kunye neenyawo ezincinci kunye nobunzima obulula, ukuququzelela ukuthuthwa okulula kunye nokufuduka. Kulwakhiwo kwiindawo ezivaliweyo njengeetonela kunye neeshafti zemigodi, isixhobo sinokuhlengahlengisa ngokuguquguqukayo indawo yaso yokusebenza ukuze siqinisekise ukhuselo olubanzi ngaphandle kwamabala angaboniyo. Ukongeza, iimodeli ezithile eziphathwayo zixhasa uthutho oluxhonywe kwisithuthi okanye olutsalwayo, luzenza zilungele iiprojekthi ezineendawo zokusebenza ezisasazekileyo kunye neendawo ezininzi zokusebenza.
5. Iindleko zokuSebenza kunye neeNdleko eziLawulayo: Inkqubo yokuxuba i-dry-mix ilawula ngokuchanekileyo umlinganiselo wamanzi-samente kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla, ukunciphisa inkunkuma yekhonkrithi kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ulwakhiwo olulula lwesixhobo kunye namacandelo atshintshanayo aququzelela ukugcinwa lula kunye neendleko zokugcina eziphantsi. Ngaphaya koko, umgangatho wayo wokusebenza osezantsi awufuni basebenzi bakhethekileyo bobugcisa obuphezulu, ukwehlisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nokubonelela ngenzuzo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho ngokubanzi.
6. Amandla aphezulu ebhondi yekhonkrithi etshiziweyo: Inkqubo yokuxuba okomileyo isebenzisa umlinganiselo ophantsi wesamente yamanzi. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo ye-air-velocity high-velocity, i-slurry yekhonkrithi ibambelela ngokuqinileyo kwindawo yokusebenza. Umaleko wekhonkrithi onesiphumo ubonisa ukomelela kwebhondi ephezulu kunye nelitye elijikelezileyo okanye umaleko wesiseko, ukuxinana okugqwesileyo, kunye nokuhanjiswa komthwalo okusebenzayo. Oku kwandisa ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwenkxaso okanye i-lining. Ukongezelela, umlinganiselo ophantsi we-samente wamanzi unika amandla aphezulu oxinzelelo kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi kwikhonkrithi, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesakhiwo.
| Uluhlu lweDimension |
Uhlobo oluthile |
Iimpawu eziphambili |
Iimeko zeSicelo |
| NgeNdlela Yamandla |
IMoto yoMbane |
Iindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi, ukusebenza okulula, ukuqala okulula kunye nokuyeka, kulula ukulawula; isakhiwo esincinci, ubungakanani obuncinci, obulungele ukusebenza kwiindawo ezimxinwa; akukho kukhutshwa kombhobho, kuyahambelana nokusingqongileyo. |
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi, iitonela, iikholvethi, iindlela ezingaphantsi, iiprojekthi zombane, njl. |
| I-Pneumatic Motor |
Akukho nikezelo lombane olufunekayo, olulungele iindawo zokusebenza ezikude ngaphandle konikezelo lwamandla okanye ukufikelela kombane ngendlela engafanelekanga; isakhiwo esilula nesithembekileyo, esingonakalisi lula. |
Ifanele imisebenzi emincinci efana nokwakhiwa kwamadama okuqubha, ukwakhiwa kwetonela, kunye nokuzinzisa ukuthambeka, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezikude. |
| Injini yedizili |
Imveliso yamandla anamandla, ekwaziyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zamandla ezixhobo ezinkulu; ukushukumiseka okuphezulu, akukho kuxhomekeka kunikezelo lwamandla olusisigxina, lunokuhanjiswa ngokulula kwiindawo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo. |
Ilungele iiprojekthi zangaphandle ezifana neetonela ezinkulu, ukhuseleko lwethambeka, iiprojekthi zogcino lwamanzi, kunye neendawo ezinombane ongonelanga okanye ongenawo kwaphela. |
| NgoMmandla weMveliso (Umthamo wemveliso) |
3-5m3/h |
Umthamo omncinci wemveliso, ubungakanani obuncinci, ukusebenza okulula. |
Iiprojekthi ezincinci, imisebenzi yokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla. |
| 5-10m3/h |
Umthamo wemveliso ophakathi, ofanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezininzi zobunjineli eziqhelekileyo. |
Iiprojekthi zolwakhiwo ngokubanzi, ulwakhiwo lwetonela lohola wendlela. |
| >10m3/h |
Umthamo omkhulu wemveliso, amandla okusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, uqwalaselo olunzima. |
Iiprojekthi ezinkulu, ulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo. |
VII. Dry shotcrete ukutshiza iindawo ezisecaleni
Iindawo ezisecaleni koomatshini bokutshiza be-shotcrete eyomileyo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi besixhobo. Iindawo ezisecaleni ezingundoqo ikakhulu ziquka ezi ndidi zilandelayo, ecaleni kwemfuno yeendlela zolondolozo lwezenzululwazi:
1. Imilomo: Njengecandelo le-terminal ye-concrete ye-concrete ye-slurry injection, imilomo iqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo nodaka oluphezulu lwe-concrete kunye ne-aggregates, okwenza ibe yenye yezona ndawo zinxiba ngokukhawuleza kwisixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngee-alloys ezingagugiyo okanye i-polyurethane, uyilo lwazo lolwakhiwo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umxube wekhonkrithi wokudibanisa kunye nokugubungela isitshizi. Ukunxitywa, ukuguqulwa, okanye ukuvaleka kwimibhobho kukhokelela ekutshizeni okungalinganiyo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukubeka esichengeni umgangatho wokwakha. Ke ngoko, imilomo zizinto eziyimfuneko. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe ubungakanani obaneleyo obusekwe kumthamo wokwakha, ngokuqhelekileyo ukutshintshwa kwemibhobho rhoqo kwi-500-1000 cubic metres yekhonkrithi etshiziweyo.
2. I-Wear-Resistant Tubing: Isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa udaka oluxutyiweyo oluxubeneyo kunye ne-concrete slurry, iindonga zayo zangaphakathi zinyamezela ukukhuhlana kwexesha elide kunye neempembelelo ezivela kwizinto eziphathekayo, ezikhokelela ekugugeni, ukubhitya, okanye ukugqabhuka. Oku kubangela ukuvuza kwezinto kunye nokulahleka koxinzelelo ngexesha lokuhambisa. Ityhubhu ekwaziyo ukunxitywa iqhele ukwenziwa ngerabha enganyangekiyo okanye ipolyurethane, ngokukhethwa kwemathiriyeli esekwe kumgama wokuhambisa kunye neempawu zemathiriyeli. Rhoqo jonga imibhobho ekwaziyo ukunxiba xa ibona umonakalo. Zitshintshe ngokukhawuleza xa ubukhulu bodonga buncipha ngaphezulu kwe-30% okanye ukuvuza kwenzeka ukunqanda ukucuthwa kobuchule bokuhambisa.
3. Izindandatho zokutywinwa: Ngokuyintloko zisetyenziswe kwiindawo zokuxhuma izixhobo (umzekelo, iihoppers zokugcina kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa, izixhobo zemibhobho yezinto eziphathekayo, i-air compressor interfaces) ukutywina ngokuchasene nomoya kunye nokuvuza kwezinto. Izangqa zokutywina zenziwe ngerabha okanye i-silicone. Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kunokubangela ukuguga, ukuguqulwa, okanye ukuqhekeka, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwetywina. Ke ngoko, amakhonkco okutywina ngamalungu aqhelekileyo asecaleni afuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa. Ngexesha lokugcinwa kwezixhobo, jonga ngokucokisekileyo imeko yazo zonke iindandatho zokutywina.
4. I-Valve yoMoya: Isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba komoya oxinyiweyo kunye nokulawulwa koxinzelelo, le nxalenye yokulawula ebalulekileyo kwi-pneumatic dry-mix shotcrete machines. Undoqo wevalve kunye nesihlalo sinyamezela ifuthe elide ukusuka kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lomoya kunye nokuguga kokungcola, okubenza bathande ukuncamathela, ukuvuza, kunye neminye imiba echaphazela ukuzinza koxinzelelo lwesitshizi. Ukucoca rhoqo kunye nokuthambisa ivalve yomoya kuyacetyiswa, kunye nokuhlolwa kondoqo wevalvu kunye nokunxiba kwesitulo. Faka enye indawo ngokukhawuleza xa ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
5. Isikrini seFilter: Ifakwe kwi-feed inlet ye-hopper yokugcina, ihluza amaqhekeza amakhulu kunye ne-clumps ukusuka kumdaka oxutywe owomileyo ukukhusela ukuvala inkqubo yokuhambisa kunye nemibhobho. Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kubangela ukuba isikrini sivalwe kukungcola, ukunciphisa izinga lokutya. Ifuna ukuchithwa kwamaxesha kunye nokucoca. Ukuba isikrini sonakalisiwe, yitshintshe ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela ukungcola ekungeneni kwisixhobo kwaye kubangele ukungasebenzi.
VIII. Dry shotcrete ukutshiza ixabiso kumatshini
Ixabiso lomatshini wokutshiza owomileyo we-shotcrete liphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, kunye neenguqu ezibalulekileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye noqwalaselo. Uhlobo lomatshini wokutshiza kunye nomthamo wemveliso zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ixabiso. Izitshizi zekhonkrithi eziphathwayo ezinomxube owomileyo, ezibonakaliswa ubukhulu obubambeneyo kunye nemveliso ephantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-5 cubic metres ngeyure), zifikeleleka. Ngokwahlukileyo, oomatshini abakhulu bokutshiza i-shotcrete eyomileyo babonisa imveliso ephezulu (ngaphezu kwe-10 cubic metres ngeyure) kunye nezakhiwo ezinzima, ezikhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu. Umzekelo, oomatshini bethu abancinci bokutshiza i-shotcrete eyomileyo baqhele ukusuka kwi-3,000 ukuya kwi-7,000 yeedola ze-USD, ngelixa iimodeli ezinkulu zinokubiza phakathi kwe-8,000 kunye ne-28,000 yeedola ze-USD.
IX. Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQs) malunga noomatshini bokutshiza beshotcrete eyomileyo
Ngezantsi yimibuzo eqhelekileyo abasebenzisi abadibana nayo xa bekhetha kwaye besebenza
oomatshini bokutshiza i-shotcrete eyomileyo, kunye neempendulo ezineenkcukacha:
1. Uthini umahluko phakathi koomatshini bokutshiza ngomxube owomileyo kunye nomxube omanzi? Impendulo: Umahluko ongundoqo ulele ekulungiseleleni izinto eziphathekayo kunye neendlela zokuhambisa. Oomatshini be-shotcrete abaxubekileyo bathutha umxube wodaka olomileyo, oluxutywe namanzi kwi-nozzle; oomatshini be-shotcrete abamanzi-mix bahambisa uludaka lwekhonkrithi exutywe kwangaphambili ukuze kutshizwe ngokuthe ngqo. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni, oomatshini be-shotcrete abaxubileyo baxutywe, bahamba kakhulu, kwaye babiza imali, okwenza ukuba bafanelekele iindawo ezivaliweyo kunye neeprojekthi ezincinci ukuya eziphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, bavelisa ukukhutshwa kothuli oluphezulu kwaye banokubonisa umgangatho wekhonkrithi olinganayo kancinane. Oomatshini be-shotcrete be-Wet-mix babonisa ukukhutshwa kothuli olusezantsi, umgangatho wekhonkrithi ongaguqukiyo, kunye namandla angaphezulu, okubenza balungele iiprojekthi ezinkulu, ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, zikhulu, zibiza kakhulu, kwaye zifuna ulawulo olungqongqo kwisiqulatho sokufuma.
2. Umntu unokuwukhetha njani umatshini wokutshiza ofanelekileyo wokwakha itonela? Impendulo: Xa ukhetha i-dry-mix sprayer yokwakha itonela, qwalasela i-tunnel cross-sectional dimensions, iimfuno zeshedyuli yokwakha, kunye nendawo yokusebenza ekhoyo. Kwiitonela ezincinci (indawo enqamlezileyo < 10 m²), oomatshini be-compact dry-mix shotcrete abane-maneuverability ephezulu bafanelekile kwiindawo ezivaliweyo. Kwiitonela ezinobungakanani obuphakathi (i-10–20 m² indawo enqamlezileyo), oomatshini bodidi oluphakathi bomxube owomileyo bayacetyiswa, ababonelela ngemveliso ephakathi (5–10 m³/h) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqhubekayo zokwakha. Kwiitonela ezinkulu (indawo enqamlezileyo > 20 m²) okanye iiprojekthi ezinemihla ebekiweyo engqingqwa, oomatshini abakhulu bomxube owomileyo weshotcrete abanemveliso ephezulu (≥10 m³/h) kufuneka bakhethwe. Ukongeza, izixhobo ezinokumelana nokunxiba okugqwesileyo zibalulekile ukumelana nokusingqongileyo kwetonela.
3. Uthini umjikelo wolondolozo koomatshini bokutshiza beshotcrete eyomileyo? Impendulo: Imijikelo yogcino ihlelwa ngokwemihla ngemihla, ngamaxesha athile, nangonyaka. ULondolozo lweMihla yonke (phambi/ emva kosuku ngalunye lomsebenzi): Coca umphezulu wezixhobo kunye neehopper zemathiriyeli; jonga i-nozzle kunye ne-feed hose ukunxiba; jonga ingqibelelo yetywina kuyo yonke imidibaniso; sebenzisa izithambiso. Ukugcinwa kwamaxesha ngamaxesha (rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-50 zokusebenza): Qhuba uhlolo olubanzi kwi-fid screw kunye nokusebenza kwevalvu yomoya; izihluzi ezicocekileyo; jonga inkqubo ye-hydraulic (ukuba ikhona) kuxinzelelo lwe-oyile kunye nokuvuza; buyisela imilomo egugile kakhulu kunye netywina. ULondolozo loNyaka (rhoqo kwiiyure zokusebenza ze-1000 okanye ngonyaka): Ukuqhawula amacandelo angundoqo (umzekelo, inkqubo yokuhambisa, inkqubo yokulawula) ukuze kulungiswe ngokubanzi; buyisela ioyile yehydraulic endala, izithambiso, kunye netywina; yenza ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo lwezixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kuhambelana neenkcukacha zoyilo.
4. Yintoni ebangela ukungalingani kokutshiza ngaphakathi
oomatshini bokutshiza i-shotcrete eyomileyo? Indlela yokuyicombulula? Impendulo: Oonobangela abaphambili babandakanya: ① Ukungalingani komxube wodaka olomileyo okanye ukuhlangana; ② Izinga lokutya okungazinzanga; ③ Unikezelo lwamanzi olunganelanga okanye olungalinganiyo; ④ Uxinzelelo lokutshiza oluguquguqukayo; ⑤ Ukunxitywa komlomo okuqatha. Izisombululo: ① Hlola umgangatho wodaka olomileyo ukuze uqinisekise umlinganiselo womxube ofanayo. qhawula ama-clumps ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa; faka izixhobo zokuxuba kwii-hoppers zokugcina ukuba kuyimfuneko; ② Hlola inkqubo yokutya (umzekelo, i-screw auger, isixhobo sokuhambisa umoya) kwaye ulungelelanise izinga lokutya ukuqinisekisa ukutya okufanayo; ③ Jonga inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi kwaye ulungelelanise ukuhamba kwamanzi ukugcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wamanzi ukuya kwizinto eziphathekayo. Fakela ivalve yokulawula ukuqukuqela kumbhobho wolawulo lwamanzi oluchanekileyo; ④ Qinisekisa isimo sokusebenza kwecompressor yomoya ukuqinisekisa uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lokutshiza. Lungisa okanye utshintshe icompressor ngokukhawuleza ukuba uxinzelelo alwanelanga; ⑤ Jonga umbhobho ukuba unxitywe na kwaye uwubuyisele kwangoko ukuba inxitywe kakhulu.
5. Bubuphi obona bude buphezulu bokutshiza kunye noluhlu koomatshini bokutshiza beshotcrete eyomileyo? Impendulo: Ubude bobude bokutshiza kunye noluhlu luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesixhobo, uxinzelelo lwesitshizi, kunye nobude bombhobho. Izitshizi eziphathwayo zomxube owomileyo zifikelela kwiimitha ezi-5-8 ubuninzi bobude kunye ne-8-12 yeemitha ubuninzi boluhlu oluthe tye. Oomatshini be-pneumatic dry-spray abaphakathi bafikelela kwi-10-15 yeemitha ubude obuninzi kunye ne-12-18 yeemitha ububanzi obukhulu; Oomatshini abakhulu bokutshiza bafikelela kwi-15-20 yeemitha ubude obuphezulu kunye ne-18-25 yeemitha ububanzi obukhulu. Ukwandisa umphakamo wesitshizi okanye uluhlu, yandisa ubude bombhobho wesondlo (ngelixa ubala ilahleko yoxinzelelo, ngokuqhelekileyo engagqithiyo kwiimitha ezingama-50) okanye usebenzise isicinezeli somoya esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwesitshizi. Ukongezelela, ukuphakama kokutshiza kunye noluhlu luxhomekeke kwi-concrete ye-slurry mix ratio kunye nokuhamba, efuna ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo komlinganiselo we-samente yamanzi kunye ne-admixture dosage.
6. Ngaba kulula ukusebenza umatshini wokutshiza we-shotcrete owomileyo? Ngaba abaqhubi bafuna uqeqesho? Impendulo: Ukusebenza okusisiseko kwesitshizi somxube owomileyo kuthe tye ngokuthe ngqo, ikakhulu kubandakanya ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo, uhlengahlengiso lwesantya sokutya, ulawulo lonikezelo lwamanzi, kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo lwesitshizi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphumeza umsebenzi ochanekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokwakha kufuna uqeqesho lobungcali kubasebenzi. Uqeqesho kufuneka lubandakanye: imigaqo yokusebenza kwezixhobo, imisebenzi yecandelo eliphambili, iinkqubo zokusebenza, iindlela zohlengahlengiso lweeparamitha, ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla, imiqathango yokhuseleko, kunye nemilinganiselo yokusabela kwimeko kaxakeka. Abasebenzisi abangaqeqeshwanga banokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesixhobo, umgangatho wokutshiza ongekho mgangathweni, okanye izehlo zokhuseleko (umzekelo, ityhefu yothuli, ukwenzakala okunxulumene nezixhobo) ngenxa yokuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ke ngoko, abaqhubi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho lobuchwephesha kwaye bafumane isatifikethi ngaphambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi.
